Extensible split data sync (#11930)

* Extensible split data sync capability through transactions.

- Split common transport has been split up between the transport layer
  and data layer.
- Split "transactions" model used, with convergence between I2C and
  serial data definitions.
- Slave matrix "generation count" is used to determine if the full slave
  matrix needs to be retrieved.
- Encoders get the same "generation count" treatment.
- All other blocks of data are synchronised when a change is detected.
- All transmissions have a globally-configurable deadline before a
  transmission is forced (`FORCED_SYNC_THROTTLE_MS`, default 100ms).
- Added atomicity for all core-synced data, preventing partial updates
- Added retries to AVR i2c_master's i2c_start, to minimise the number of
  failed transactions when interrupts are disabled on the slave due to
  atomicity checks.
- Some keyboards have had slight modifications made in order to ensure
  that they still build due to firmware size restrictions.

* Fixup LED_MATRIX compile.

* Parameterise ERROR_DISCONNECT_COUNT.

quantum/split_common/transactions.h

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/* Copyright 2021 QMK
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "stdint.h"
+#include "stdbool.h"
+
+#include "matrix.h"
+#include "transaction_id_define.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+
+typedef void (*slave_callback_t)(uint8_t initiator2target_buffer_size, const void *initiator2target_buffer, uint8_t target2initiator_buffer_size, void *target2initiator_buffer);
+
+// Split transaction Descriptor
+typedef struct _split_transaction_desc_t {
+    uint8_t *        status;
+    uint8_t          initiator2target_buffer_size;
+    uint16_t         initiator2target_offset;
+    uint8_t          target2initiator_buffer_size;
+    uint16_t         target2initiator_offset;
+    slave_callback_t slave_callback;
+} split_transaction_desc_t;
+
+// Forward declaration for the split transactions
+extern split_transaction_desc_t split_transaction_table[NUM_TOTAL_TRANSACTIONS];
+
+#define split_shmem_offset_ptr(offset) ((void *)(((uint8_t *)split_shmem) + (offset)))
+#define split_trans_initiator2target_buffer(trans) (split_shmem_offset_ptr((trans)->initiator2target_offset))
+#define split_trans_target2initiator_buffer(trans) (split_shmem_offset_ptr((trans)->target2initiator_offset))
+
+// returns false if valid data not received from slave
+bool transactions_master(matrix_row_t master_matrix[], matrix_row_t slave_matrix[]);
+void transactions_slave(matrix_row_t master_matrix[], matrix_row_t slave_matrix[]);
+
+void transaction_register_rpc(int8_t transaction_id, slave_callback_t callback);
+
+bool transaction_rpc_exec(int8_t transaction_id, uint8_t initiator2target_buffer_size, const void *initiator2target_buffer, uint8_t target2initiator_buffer_size, void *target2initiator_buffer);
+
+#define transaction_rpc_send(transaction_id, initiator2target_buffer_size, initiator2target_buffer) transaction_rpc_exec(transaction_id, initiator2target_buffer_size, initiator2target_buffer, 0, NULL)
+#define transaction_rpc_recv(transaction_id, target2initiator_buffer_size, target2initiator_buffer) transaction_rpc_exec(transaction_id, 0, NULL, target2initiator_buffer_size, target2initiator_buffer)