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Extras

aptitude better than apt get aptitude is a command-line package manager Basically it helps with everything related to packages like removal installation ecc... https://wiki.debian.org/Aptitude
Binary blobs in linux https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/ui4wal/so_where_are_the_closedsource_binary_blobs_in/
sftp, scp https://superuser.com/questions/326211/best-way-to-transfer-files-over-a-lan-between-two-linux-computers scp tldrs single file scp myfile.txt user@192.168.1.5:/home/user/ entire directory scp -r my_folder/ user@192.168.1.5:/home/user/ flags -p : for preserving metadata -P : custom port -C : compression for saving bandwidth
To run .sh file as a command Make it executable by chmod +x script. also remove .sh extension too so it will be script and not script.sh Either add in /usr/bin as $PATH variable contain that directory or add your directory where the script is there by editing ~/.bashrc file
```
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/<script_folder>
```
$HOME contains home/<username> as directory

ssh issue If u get error when trying to connect with ssh like this

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
  @    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @
  @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
  IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
  Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
  It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.
  The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is
  6e:45:f9:a8:af:38:3d:a1:a5:c7:76:1d:02:f8:77:00.
  Please contact your system administrator.
  Add correct host key in /home/hostname /.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.
  Offending RSA key in /var/lib/sss/pubconf/known_hosts:4
  RSA host key for pong has changed and you have requested strict checking.
  Host key verification failed.

Then use the command ssh-keygen -R <host> Eg : ssh-keygen -R 192.168.3.10

MFT error When disk is of ntfs and it is unplugged unsafely then when reconnected error can be MFTmirror do not match MFT so correct it with sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb1 Make sure ntfs-3g must be installed
to get ip address ipinfo.io ip.im ip.me curl ifconfig.co curl ifconfig.me curl icanhazip.com
For getting cname use this nslookup -Q=cname www.youtube.com
Change DNS Changing the DNS server to 1.1.1.1 (Cloudflare's DNS service) in Arch Linux can provide you with faster and more private internet browsing. The specific steps to change your DNS settings can depend on whether you are using NetworkManager, systemd-resolved, or another network management tool on your Arch Linux setup. Below are methods for the two most common tools, NetworkManager and systemd-networkd with systemd-resolved:
For NetworkManager users:

Using the GUI:

If you're using a graphical environment, you can change the DNS settings through the NetworkManager applet.
- Right-click on the NetworkManager icon in the system tray and select Edit Connections.
- Select the connection you want to edit and click on the Gear icon or Edit button.
- Go to the IPv4 Settings or IPv6 Settings tab.
- Change the Method to Automatic (DHCP) addresses only or Manual if you set your IP address statically.
- Enter 1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1 in the DNS servers field. For IPv6, use 2606:4700:4700::1111, 2606:4700:4700::1001.
- Click Save and close the Network Connections window.
- Finally, disable and re-enable the network connection for the changes to take effect.
Using the terminal:
- You can also edit the NetworkManager configuration file directly for the connection. Connection profiles are stored in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/. Find the profile you wish to edit and open it with a text editor (as root). You may need to install nano or use another available editor.
```
sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/YourConnectionName.nmconnection
```
- Add the following lines under the [ipv4] or [ipv6] sections:
```
dns=1.1.1.1;1.0.0.1;
```
  For IPv6:
```
dns=2606:4700:4700::1111;2606:4700:4700::1001;
```
- Save the changes and restart NetworkManager:
```
sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
```

For systemd-networkd with systemd-resolved users:

Edit or Create a network file:

Your network configuration files are located in /etc/systemd/network/. If you're using systemd-networkd for managing the network, edit the corresponding .network file for your connection.
- Open the relevant .network file in a text editor (as root):
```
sudo nano /etc/systemd/network/your_network_file.network
```
- Add or modify the following section to set Cloudflare's DNS servers:
```
[DHCP]
UseDNS=false
[Network]
DNS=1.1.1.1
DNS=1.0.0.1
# For IPv6
DNS=2606:4700:4700::1111
DNS=2606:4700:4700::1001
```
- Save the file and exit the editor.
Restart systemd-networkd and systemd-resolved:
- Apply the changes by restarting the services:
```
sudo systemctl restart systemd-networkd
sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved
```
Ensure systemd-resolved is used for DNS resolution:
- Create a symlink to use systemd-resolved's stub resolver:
```
sudo ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
```

Remember to replace placeholder texts like YourConnectionName or your_network_file.network with the actual names specific to your setup. Each setup might be slightly different, so adjust the steps according to your network management tool and configuration.

Supervisord

like pm2 but not limited to nodejs

Create a config file for supervisord and store it anywhere

 [supervisord]
 nodaemon=true

 [program:app1]
 command=node /path/to/app1/app.js
 directory=/path/to/app1
 autostart=true
 autorestart=true
 stdout_logfile=/path/to/app1.log
 stderr_logfile=/path/to/app1_error.log

 [program:app2]
 command=node /path/to/app2/app.js
 directory=/path/to/app2
 autostart=true
 autorestart=true
 stdout_logfile=/path/to/app2.log
 stderr_logfile=/path/to/app2_error.log

Then start it with sudo supervisord -c /home/user/supervisor/supervisord.conf Then for interacting sudo supervisorctl start app1 sudo supervisorctl stop app1 sudo supervisorctl restart app1 sudo supervisorctl status
Issues sometimes when using package manager supervisor may not work properly so install it with pip. pip install supervisor. sometimes if pip is not installed then upgrade your python package
Setting up proxy In ~/.bashrc add following so that terminals can use proxy
```
export http_proxy="210.61.216.63:60808"
  export https_proxy="115.87.207.193:8080"
```
for systemwide add in /etc/environemnt.
sudo systemd-analyze : this will tell the boot time of firmware+loader+kernel+userspace
using proxy with curl curl -x 37.27.29.181:80 ipinfo.io here 37.27.29.181:80 is proxy -x is flag for proxy

inotify

Note : inotify wont work to detect changes in remote system https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/238956/is-there-a-way-to-use-inotify-on-remote-filesystems-specifically-webdav make changes or execute script when changes on files or directory

install ionotify and rsync sudo apt-get install inotify-tools rsync

Create a script with following (for syncing directories)

#!/bin/bash

  SOURCE="/path/to/source"
  DESTINATION="/path/to/destination"

  # Function to sync directories
  sync_directories() {
  	# a for archiving(preserving metadata), v for verbose, z for compressing 
  	rsync -avz --delete "$SOURCE/" "$DESTINATION/"
  }

  # Ensure initial sync 
  sync_directories

  # Monitor the source directory for any activity, and sync upon changes
  # while read -r directory events filename; do: This line starts a while loop that reads input and assigns the values to three variables: directory, events, and filename. -r option is used with read command to prevent backslashes from acting as escape characters.
  inotifywait -mre close_write,create,delete,move "$SOURCE" |
  	while read -r directory events filename; do
  		sync_directories
  	done

finally make it executable chmod +x sync_directories.sh

bidirectional sync without noticing deletions ie only modifications of files will be noticed (for directories)

   #!/bin/bash

  SOURCE=$1
  DESTINATION=$2

  # Function to sync directories
  sync_directories() {
    # u means updates
    # deletions will be ignored with flag --ignore-existing
  	rsync -avu --ignore-existing "$SOURCE/" "$DESTINATION/"
  }

  sync_directories2() {
  	   rsync -avu --ignore-existing  "$DESTINATION/" "$SOURCE/"
  }

  # Ensure initial sync
  sync_directories

  # Monitor the source directory for any activity, and sync upon changes
  inotifywait -mre close_write,create,delete,move "$SOURCE" |
  	while read -r directory events filename; do
  		sync_directories
  	done

  inotifywait -mre close_write,create,delete,move "$DESTINATION" |
     while read -r directory events filename; do
  		sync_directories2
  	done

or use unison Do the initial sync: unison -auto -batch dirA dirB

Run the continuous bidirectional sync: unison -auto -batch -repeat watch -times dirA dirB

for syncing files unidirectional

#!/bin/bash

  SOURCE_FILE="/path/to/source/myfile.txt"
  TARGET_FILE="/path/to/target/myfile.txt"

  # Loop forever
  while true; do
    # Wait for modifications to the specified file
    inotifywait -e modify,move,create,delete "$SOURCE_FILE" && \
    # Sync file. Here, we use cp, but you could use rsync or other commands depending on your needs
     rsync -avu --delete  "$SOURCE_FILE" "$TARGET_FILE"
  done

bidirectional inotify itself wont detect changes and even if we write 2 different statements then it will wait for first one to complete so we need to create 2 different sh files and execute those files in background

sync_directories1.sh

SOURCE=$1
  DESTINATION=$2

  db_name= "main.kdbx"

  SOURCE_FILE="$SOURCE/${db_name}"
  DESTINATION_FILE= "$DESTINATION/${db_name}"

  # Function to sync directories
  sync_directories() {
  	rsync -avu --ignore-existing  "$SOURCE/${db_name}" "$DESTINATION/${db_name}"
  }


  # Ensure initial sync
  sync_directories


  # Monitor the source directory for any activity, and sync upon changes
  inotifywait -mre close_write,create,delete,move "$SOURCE" |
  	while read -r directory events filename; do
  		sync_directories
  done

sync_directories2.sh

SOURCE=$1
  DESTINATION=$2

  db_name= "main.kdbx"

  SOURCE_FILE="$SOURCE/${db_name}"
  DESTINATION_FILE= "$DESTINATION/${db_name}"

  # Function to sync directories
  sync_directories2() {
  	   rsync --ignore-existing   "$DESTINATION/${db_name}" "$SOURCE/${db_name}"
  }

  # Ensure initial sync
  sync_directories2

  inotifywait -mre close_write,create,delete,move "$DESTINATION" |
 	while read -r directory events filename; do
      		sync_directories2
  	done

sync_directories.sh

./sync_directories1.sh /path/to/first /path/to/second &
  ./sync_directories2.sh /path/to/first /path/to/second &

Finally execute sync_directories.sh Warning : using & means there will be problem in closing it

nohup to run script in backround without needing to keep terminal open if not available then install this with whole toolkit ie coreutils nohup script.sh & this will cause problems if we have to close processes
screen : multiplexer which will emulates terminal in background instead of process itself so easy to terminate processes. https://sentrytwo.com/6bb78a2539

to start the process in detached mode
```
 screen -dmS sync1 ./sync_directories1.sh 
```
this will start the session with name sync1 to close the session screen -S sync1 -X quit
cron jobs
- in arch by default cron service isnt installed so install it by pacman -S cronie https://phoenixnap.com/kb/set-up-cron-job-linux
- Start cron service by sudo systemctl start cron.service in arch sudo systemctl start cronie.service
- add cron tab through crontab -e then type * * * * * /home/hpes/Videos/imp/scripts/crons/cronscript.sh cron jub will run every minute Syntax is <minute> <hour> <day_of_the_month> <month_of_the_year> <day_of_the_week> /path/to/your_script.sh crontab location is /var/spool/cron/
Managing history in linux https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/disable-bash-shell-history-linux/
check what service is connected to port (say 8080) lsof -i :8080 -S or netstat -a | grep 8080
text to speech using espeak espeak 'wake up' 2>/dev/null to get list of voices espeak voices to set the voice espeak -v <voice>
umount target is busy sudo umount -l /mnt/pendrive/ -l is important this is still dangerous though bcz it can unmount even the partition of the current os

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7878707/how-to-unmount-a-busy-device

list drivers https://discuss.kde.org/t/settings-says-no-touchpad-found/14139 libinput list-devices
hard reboot and hard shutdown Terminal command for hard-shutdown, sudo sh -c "echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger" Terminal command for hard-restart, sudo sh -c "echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger"
aliases
direnv to load and unload environment variables depending on current directory https://direnv.net/

date

You can refer to the following table to generate timestamps in various formats:
Format / result 	Command 	Output
YYYY-MM-DD 	date -I 	$(date -I)
YYYY-MM-DD_hh:mm:ss 	date +%F_%T 	$(date +%F_%T)
YYYYMMDD_hhmmss 	date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S 	$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
YYYYMMDD_hhmmss (UTC version) 	date --utc +%Y%m%d_%H%M%SZ 	$(date --utc +%Y%m%d_%H%M%SZ)
YYYYMMDD_hhmmss (with local TZ) 	date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S%Z 	$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S%Z)
YYYYMMSShhmmss 	date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S 	$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
YYYYMMSShhmmssnnnnnnnnn 	date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S%N 	$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S%N)
YYMMDD_hhmmss 	date +%y%m%d_%H%M%S 	$(date +%y%m%d_%H%M%S)
Seconds since UNIX epoch 	date +%s 	$(date +%s)
Nanoseconds only 	date +%N 	$(date +%N)
Nanoseconds since UNIX epoch 	date +%s%N 	$(date +%s%N)
ISO8601 UTC timestamp 	date --utc +%FT%TZ 	$(date --utc +%FT%TZ)
ISO8601 UTC timestamp + ms 	date --utc +%FT%T.%3NZ 	$(date --utc +%FT%T.%3NZ)
ISO8601 Local TZ timestamp 	date +%FT%T%Z 	$(date +%FT%T%Z)
YYYY-MM-DD (Short day) 	date +%F\(%a\) 	$(date +%F\(%a\))
YYYY-MM-DD (Long day) 	date +%F\(%A\) 	$(date +%F\(%A\))

finding duplicates for current dir

find -not -empty -type f -printf "%s
" |  sort -rn |  uniq -d |  xargs -I{} -n1  find -type f -size {}c -print0 |  xargs -0  md5sum |  sort |  uniq -w32 --all-repeated=separate

for custom one

find "$DIR" -not -empty -type f -printf "%s\n" |
sort -rn |
uniq -d |
xargs -I{} -n1 find "$DIR" -type f -size {}c -print0 |
xargs -0 md5sum |
sort |
uniq -w32 --all-repeated=separate

fzf usage find * -type f | fzf --multi > selected1 select files with shift+tab and then press enter and all the path will be saved to selected1 file
pretty print json jq . package.json here . is for current directory as top level directory is needed here and for reading large json do this jq '.' large_file.json | less
change default browser xdg-settings set default-web-browser <insert the filename>.desktop
get hashes sha256sum <file>. so there are others too: sha1sum, md5sum SHA-2 Family: The sha1sum tool, which uses SHA-1, is part of the broader SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) family. Other members of this family include: sha256sum (256-bit hash, more secure than SHA-1) sha224sum (224-bit hash) sha384sum (384-bit hash) sha512sum (512-bit hash, offers maximum security in the SHA family) Blake2 : b2sum SHA-3 : openssl sha3-256 file.txt sha types.txt
aur alternatuve in other distros Most distributions have larger repositories so don't need an AUR. Though, if you really want to dive into third-party repositories, I mean, there is Pacstall for Debian, Copr for Fedora, PPAs for Ubuntu, the community build system for openSUSE, the SlackBuilds for Slackware.

Plus Nix and pkgsrc are cross-distro and massive.

Basically no one else needs the AUR because there are lots of other, sometimes more extensive, options.

generate totp from totp key I have emailed myself the recovery codes and the actual totp key, I also have a bash alias
```
# for hex key
alias GHGEN="oathtool --totp 'totp key here'"

# or for base32 key use
alias GHGEN="oathtool -b --totp 'totp key here'"
```
https://gitlab.com/oath-toolkit/oath-toolkit

Create a desktop entry of appimage with bash script

#!/bin/bash

# Check if an AppImage file is passed as a parameter
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <AppImage file>"
    exit 1
fi

# Assign the AppImage file path
APPIMAGE_FILE="$1"

# Check if the provided AppImage file exists
if [ ! -f "$APPIMAGE_FILE" ]; then
    echo "Error: File '$APPIMAGE_FILE' not found!"
    exit 1
fi

# Extract the application name (assuming the AppImage filename is the application name)
APP_NAME=$(basename "$APPIMAGE_FILE" .AppImage)

# Create the desktop entry content
DESKTOP_ENTRY="[Desktop Entry]
Name=$APP_NAME
Exec=$APPIMAGE_FILE
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=$APPIMAGE_FILE
Categories=Utility"

# Create the desktop entry filename
DESKTOP_ENTRY_PATH="$HOME/.local/share/applications/$APP_NAME.desktop"

# Create the desktop entry file
echo "$DESKTOP_ENTRY" > "$DESKTOP_ENTRY_PATH"

# Make the desktop entry executable
chmod +x "$DESKTOP_ENTRY_PATH"

echo "Desktop entry for '$APP_NAME' created successfully at '$DESKTOP_ENTRY_PATH'"

xargs

rg --files | rg '.*\.json' | xargs stat

so whatever the output rg --files | rg '.*\.json' these will give stat will take as paameter lien by line so basicially stat first line of output and so on.

xclip clipboard for x11

# to clipboard
xclip -selection clipboard -t image/png -i example.png
# or
# from clipboard
xclip -o -se c -t image/png

# text to variable
fullfilepath=$(xclip -selection clipboard -o)

images to file from clipboard x11 xclip -selection clipboard -t image/png -o > output.png and for wayland install wl-clipboard and wl-paste > output.png

for file to clipboard wl-copy -t image/png < /path/to/your/image.png

native games in linux for native games in linux following 32 but libraries needed to be installed

apt install libgl1:i386 libglx0:i386 libc6:i386 libstdc++6:i386

fix buzzing of sound

https://youtu.be/Kt0dkXWnaC4 : How To Fix Buzzing Speakers On Linux

Alternative of shred

dd if=/dev/urandom of=/storage/emulated/0/yourfile.txt bs=1M count=1
rm /storage/emulated/0/yourfile.txt

openvpn setup as server

Run a popular, pre-made installation script for quick setup: wget https://git.io/vpn -O openvpn-install.sh && bash openvpn-install.sh. Follow the prompts on screen to set up protocols (UDP recommended), port (1194), and DNS.
Configure and Connect Client Once installed, the script will generate a .ovpn file (e.g., client.ovpn). Download this file from your VPS to your local computer/phone using SCP or SFTP. Install the OpenVPN Connect client app, import the .ovpn file, and click "Connect".
in linux use sudo openvpn --config client1.ovpn to connect with it

wireguard

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/angristan/wireguard-install/master/wireguard-install.sh
chmod +x wireguard-install.sh
./wireguard-install.sh

to check status systemctl status wg-quick@wg0

for bringiing down individual clients from server use

to get list sudo wg show

for temporarily disable sudo wg set wg0 peer CLIENT_PUBLIC_KEY remove or for safer just changed allowed ip 10.66.66.3/32, fd42:42:42::3/128 this was original lets say so use sudo wg set wg0 peer CLIENT_PUBLIC_KEY allowed-ips 0.0.0.0/32 then later change back to sudo wg set wg0 peer CLIENT_PUBLIC_KEY allowed-ips 10.66.66.3/32,fd42:42:42::3/128

for permanent disable sudo nano /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf

remove or comment out client

PublicKey = CLIENT_PUBLIC_KEY
AllowedIPs = 10.0.0.3/32

then apply changes

sudo wg-quick down wg0
sudo wg-quick up wg0

other config details


IPv4 or IPv6 public address: 198.12.73.213
Public interface: eth0
WireGuard interface name: wg0
Server WireGuard IPv4: 10.66.66.1
Server WireGuard IPv6: fd42:42:42::1
Server WireGuard port [1-65535]: 53586
First DNS resolver to use for the clients: 1.1.1.1
Second DNS resolver to use for the clients (optional): 1.0.0.1

WireGuard uses a parameter called AllowedIPs to determine what is routed over the VPN.
Allowed IPs list for generated clients (leave default to route everything): 0.0.0.0/0,::/0

in client best method is to use wireguard

download wiregard profiles from https://account.protonvpn.com/downloads
install wireguard-tools and then copy that conf files to /etc/wireguard
run sudo wg-quick up <conf_name> (without .conf at end)
to disconnect sudo wg-quick down <conf_name> Note : in proton config files, it is configured such that browsers cant access it so make changes in conf files like this AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0 to allow all network traffic

for kill switch add above peer section

# Kill switch: block all traffic not going through WireGuard
 PostUp   = iptables -I OUTPUT ! -o %i -m mark ! --mark $(wg show %i fwmark) -m addrtype ! --dst-type LOCAL -j REJECT && ip6tables -I OUTPUT ! -o %i -m mark ! --mark $(wg show %i fwmark) -m addrtype ! --dst-type LOCAL -j REJECT
 PreDown  = iptables -D OUTPUT ! -o %i -m mark ! --mark $(wg show %i fwmark) -m addrtype ! --dst-type LOCAL -j REJECT && ip6tables -D OUTPUT ! -o %i -m mark ! --mark $(wg show %i fwmark) -m addrtype ! --dst-type LOCAL -j REJECT

galv peer

peer: n4S+ao5+VqQRwYcYoHIslRKCgyyMAvUWlSuIOhztlC4=
  preshared key: (hidden)
  allowed ips: 10.66.66.4/32, fd42:42:42::4/128

nmap : nice command to get details of entered domain. scan networks for live hosts, open ports, running services, operating systems, and potential vulnerabilities

flatpak info --show-location io.gitlab.news_flash.NewsFlash and for user data ~/.var/app

to uninstall unsed packages flatpak uninstall --unused

to list themes flatpak list --runtime | grep -i theme

check what process is precenting system from sleep dbus-send --print-reply --dest=org.gnome.SessionManager /org/gnome/SessionManager org.gnome.SessionManager.GetInhibitors then whatever the inhibtor id is returned use this dbus-send --print-reply --dest=org.gnome.SessionManager /org/gnome/SessionManager/Inhibitor503 org.gnome.SessionManager.Inhibitor.GetAppId

isolate softwares

using firejail --private : will disable access from filesystem firejail --private firefox "http://dangerous-url.com" for breaking off internet firejail --net=none --private firefox "https://www.google.com"

get resource usage like cpu and ram of all processes containing the given keyword useful to actually track things properly

for the physical memory ps axo %cpu,rss,comm | awk '{print $1 "%\t" $2/1024 " MB\t" $3}': Lists CPU percentage, calculates memory in MB (RSS / 1024), and shows the command name.

when printing and using the 1st method it will just print one word so change comm to args and for real full thing use following ps axo %cpu,rss,args | awk 'NR==1 {print "CPU%\tMEM_MB\tCOMMAND"; next} {printf "%s%%\t%.2f MB\t", $1, $2/1024; for(i=3;i<=NF;i++) printf "%s ", $i; print ""}'

for swap one

for pid in /proc/[0-9]*; do 
    pid_num=$(basename $pid)
    swap=$(awk '/^Swap:/ {sum+=$2} END {print sum}' $pid/smaps_rollup 2>/dev/null)
    if [ ! -z "$swap" ] && [ "$swap" -gt 0 ]; then
        name=$(cat $pid/comm 2>/dev/null)
        echo "$swap $pid_num $name"
    fi
done | sort -rn | head -n 10 | awk '{printf "PID: %-6s Swap: %.2f MB  Command: %s\n", $2, $1/1024, $3}'

for printing full command line

for pid in /proc/[0-9]*; do 
    pid_num=$(basename $pid)
    swap=$(awk '/^Swap:/ {sum+=$2} END {print sum}' $pid/smaps_rollup 2>/dev/null)
    if [ ! -z "$swap" ] && [ "$swap" -gt 0 ]; then
        # Reads the full command line string and cleans up null characters
        full_cmd=$(tr '\0' ' ' < $pid/cmdline 2>/dev/null)
        # Fallback to short name if cmdline is empty (common for kernel threads)
        if [ -z "$full_cmd" ]; then full_cmd=$(cat $pid/comm 2>/dev/null); fi
        echo "$swap|$pid_num|$full_cmd"
    fi
done | sort -t'|' -k1 -rn | head -n 10 | awk -F'|' '{printf "PID: %-6s Swap: %.2f MB  Command: %s\n", $2, $1/1024, $3}'

and finally a go program which can do this all main.go build it by go build -o procusage main.go and then ./procusage firefox and the bash version main1.sh just use bash main1.sh firefox to run

go code listing all processes if no arguments are given and also tabular form main.go

change swapiness

to check first cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

permanent solution sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf and add vm.swappiness=10 at bottom. do this to apply change without rebooting: sudo sysctl -p

temporary sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10

android logs (crash logs including)

adb logcat

# for only errors
adb logcat *:E

for specific app

adb logcat | grep com.yourcompany.appname

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For NetworkManager users:

For systemd-networkd with systemd-resolved users:

Supervisord

inotify

wireguard

26 KiB

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