joplin-notes/joplin notion extension/linux/Arch/Installation.md at master

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2026-11-04 00:33:23 +05:30

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Installation

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/installation_guide offline installation : https://medium.com/@elohash/how-to-install-arch-linux-without-internet-no-pacman-9314836949de

https://docs345.surge.sh/arch_installation/

This video is used for the following steps: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPLnBPM4DhI https://files.catbox.moe/u3tkye.mp4

iwctl
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=3czrHtFHteY device list station wlan0 scan then station wlan0 get-networks then connect to internet using station <device_name> connect <ssid> Eg: station wlan0 connect Comcast-50 and quit. then ping it by to check if internet is working ping x.org.
Update time with timedatectl
Partitioning disk
- Check partition using fdisk -l or lsblk or cfdisk
- Then fdisk <partition> eg: fdisk /dev/sda
  - Type these commands in sequence: p to print information o to create new label n to add new partition. So many prompts will come just press enter to select default.
  - Press t and Choose lvm by typing 8E then type a to make partition active.
  - Finalize change type w then enter
- Then create physical volume using pvcreate --dataalignment 1m /dev/sda1
- Now create volume group vgcreate volgroup0 /dev/sda1 . Here volgroup0 is a group name.
- Now create 2 logical volumes ie lv_root and lv_home lvcreate -L 30GB volgroup0 -n lv_root and lvcreate -l 100%FREE volgroup0 -n lv_home
- Load new volume group into memory modprobe dm_mod
- Scan system for volume groups vgscan and activate it vgchange -ay
Formatting volumes
- Now format these parttions. For root one , format it with ext4 and for swap one format with swap Ext4 formatting mkfs.ext4 /dev/volgroup0/lv_root Mounting mount /dev/volgroup0/lv_root /mnt Now format 2nd logical volume and mount it mkfs.ext4 /dev/volgroup0/lv_home Mounting mkdir /mnt/home mount /dev/volgroup0/lv_home /mnt/home If there r swap partitions then Format the Swap Partition (if created): If you created a swap partition, format it as swap: mkswap /dev/sdX2 # Replace /dev/sdX2 with your swap partition swapon /dev/sdX2 # Activate the swap partition mkdir /mnt/etc Saving partition layout by: genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
For UEFI Difference here is that we need to create efi partition After typing fdisk /dev/sda type these commands: p and g(for new GPT) , n then
- Partition number and First sector is default but for last sector we need to change it So type +500M as 500mb is enough for efi Now type t and and partition type is 1 which means efi
- Now one more partition for rest So type n and just select defaults and set the type with t and set to lvm
  - Partition number would be 2 which is default
  - Type 30 for lvm
- Finally verify it by p and type w to make changes For parttion 1 ie efi , it have to be formatted with fat32 mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1 Here -F32 represents fat32 Now instead of creating and volume and setting other steps for lvm use sda2 instead of sda1 .
For UEFI with encryption

this should be. 1st to efi,2nd to linux filesystem and 3rd to linux lvm Do same for efi and set ext4 for partition 2 but before formatting 4rd we need to encrypt it
- Setting encryption cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda3 Now u need to type passphrase. This passphrase should be available else all data will remain encrypted and inaccessible. After typing passphrase it will get locked so type cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sda3 lvm
  
  Now just create volume , format and mount
  pvcreate --dataalignment 1m /dev/mapper/lvm
Installing components
- Using pacstrap command pacstrap -i /mnt base There mey be a error related to keyring hell so to fix it use https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Pacman/Package_signing#Resetting_all_the_keys In /etc/pacman.conf
```
SigLevel = Never
#LocalFileSigLevel = Optional
#RemoteFileSigLevel = Required
```
- Configure our installation arch-chroot /mnt Using in chroot environment. arch-chroot is like a fake-root which change to new directory so that u can make changes af if they r live but all those changes will take place in future.
  - Inside chroot, install 4 packages ie linux, linux-headers and linux-lts, linux-lts-headers. 2 versions bcz if one dont work then other may work. lts means here 'long term support' hence stable. Use pacman -S linux linux-headers linux-lts linux-lts-headers linux-firmware Then few more packages like nano, base-devel(basic development tools), openssh(remote access) To use openssh make sure to enable sshd systemctl enable sshd Install packages for network working pacman -S networkmanager wpa_supplicant wireless_tools netctl installing dialog if gui network interface not working pacman -S dialog Then finally enable NetworkManager so it will be started when booted systemctl enable NetworkManager Installing lvm support pacman -S lvm2 To ensure boot process support our configuration, we have to modify a config file nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf now using Ctrl+W find the HOOKS which is not commented. Between block and filesystems word, add lvm2 . if used encryption then add encrypt lvm2.
Resizing partition lvdisplay and vgdisplay Shrink LV If something goes wrong with length of partition then u need to resize it umount /dev/VG_NAME/lv_home # Unmount the LV (replace VG_NAME with your volume group) e2fsck -f /dev/volgroup0/lv_home # to check file system consistency and check for errors,bad block. resize2fs /dev/VG_NAME/lv_home NEW_SIZE # Shrink the filesystem lvreduce -L NEW_SIZE /dev/VG_NAME/lv_home # Shrink the logical volume Extend LV lvextend -L +NEW_SIZE /dev/VG_NAME/lv_root # Extend the logical volume or lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/VG_NAME/lv_root e2fsck -f /dev/volgroup0/lv_root resize2fs /dev/VG_NAME/lv_root # Resize the filesystem to use the new space
Initramfs To take all these setups and option take effect use this mkinitcpio -p linux mkinitcpio -p linux-lts(As this was also installed) Then set the locale by nano /etc/locale.gen Then choose en us and uncomment it locale-gen Updating password passwd then type password to set it Creating standard user useradd -m -g users -G wheel hvm -m means creating home directory for the user, -g represents initial login group, -G are other supplementary groups. hvm is user name. Then set password for this user passwd hvm and set password. After this we dont have to use root account always, instead we can use sudo Now we need to associate wheel group with sudo EDITOR=nano visudo visudo is a dedicated command to modify sudo priviledges Scroll down and search for %wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL and uncomment it and save the file. Now user can use sudo to run administrative task.
Installing GRUB Its purpose is to boot the OS without bootable media like USB or CD.
- For non-UEFI(BIOS) Install this: pacman -S grub dosfstools os-prober mtools and finally grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda
- For UEFI install these pacman -S grub efibootmgr dosfstools os-prober mtools mkdir /boot/EFI mount /dev/sda1 /boot/EFI and finally grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=grub_uefi --recheck Check if grub exists by this: ls -l /boot/grub
  - Others cp /usr/share/locale/en\@quot/LC_MESSAGES/grub.mo /boot/grub/locale/en.mo
    - With encryption nano /etc.default/grub then uncomment GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y and edit the line #add this GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="cryptodevice=/dev/sda3:volgroup0:allow-discards loglevel=3 quiet"
- Generate grub config file grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg Finally exit and umount -a (to unmount everything) Finally reboot

Post install tweeks

Creating swap file(not partition) su cd /root The dd command in Linux is a versatile utility used for copying and converting files, including data from files, devices, partitions, or even raw disk images. The command's name, "dd," stands for "data duplicator." dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=1024 status=progress Changing permissions of swapfile chmod 600 /swapfile Formatting it to swap mkswap /swapfile Backing up copy of fstab file as we going to edit it cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak Editing it echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | tee -a /etc/fstab It will add the line free -m to check is swap is there mount -a(if it runs means no error)

To activate swap swapon -a and check it with free -m
- Setting time zone Listing it timedatectl list-timezones Setting it timedatectl set-timezone <from_list> Enabling it systemctl enable systemd-timesyncd Setting host name hostnamectl set-hostname archhost here 'archhost' is host name Editing hosts file nano /etc/hosts and add
```
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 archhost
```
  and save it To check it hostnamectl This image will be the output
  
  Installing micro code for CPU(optional) AMD CPU pacman -S amd-ucode or Intel CPU pacman -S intel-ucode
GUI
- Installing xorg pacman -S xorg-server
- Installing video driver For Intel or AMD GPU pacman -S mesa For NVIDIA GPU pacman -S nvidia-lts nvidia For VBox pacman -S virtualbox-guest-utils xf86-video-vmware and enable vbox extension systemctl enable vboxservice For QEMU, this might improve performance sudo pacman -S xf86-video-qxl And configure it too sudo mkdir -p /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-qxl.conf Type this
```
Section "Device"
  Identifier "qxl"
  Driver "qxl"
  Option "AccelMethod" "glamor"
EndSection
```
  and save it
Installing Desktop Environment
- GNOME pacman -S GNOME it will store many dependencies as its a package group Some other optional pacman -S gnome-tweaks this will give more control over the environment Enable display manager systemctl enable gdm This will enable login screen Specify the language in Region and Language section else terminal wont open
- Plasma pacman -S plasma-meta kde-applications Enable display manager systemctl enable sddm
Xfce pacman -S xfce4 xfce4-goodies Install display manager pacman -S lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter Enabling it systemctl enable lightdm
Packages in xfce

There are 15 members in group xfce4: :: Repository extra

	   1) exo  2) garcon  3) thunar  4) thunar-volman  5) tumbler
	   6) xfce4-appfinder  7) xfce4-panel  8) xfce4-power-manager  9) xfce4-session
	   10) xfce4-settings  11) xfce4-terminal  12) xfconf  13) xfdesktop  14) xfwm4
	   15) xfwm4-themes
	Enter a selection (default=all): 
	:: There are 36 members in group xfce4-goodies:
	:: Repository extra

	   1) mousepad  2) parole  3) ristretto  4) thunar-archive-plugin
	   5) thunar-media-tags-plugin  6) xfburn  7) xfce4-artwork
	   8) xfce4-battery-plugin  9) xfce4-clipman-plugin  10) xfce4-cpufreq-plugin
	   11) xfce4-cpugraph-plugin  12) xfce4-dict  13) xfce4-diskperf-plugin
	   14) xfce4-eyes-plugin  15) xfce4-fsguard-plugin  16) xfce4-genmon-plugin
	   17) xfce4-mailwatch-plugin  18) xfce4-mount-plugin  19) xfce4-mpc-plugin
	   20) xfce4-netload-plugin  21) xfce4-notes-plugin  22) xfce4-notifyd
	   23) xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin  24) xfce4-screensaver  25) xfce4-screenshooter
	   26) xfce4-sensors-plugin  27) xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin
	   28) xfce4-systemload-plugin  29) xfce4-taskmanager
	   30) xfce4-time-out-plugin  31) xfce4-timer-plugin  32) xfce4-verve-plugin
	   33) xfce4-wavelan-plugin  34) xfce4-weather-plugin
	   35) xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin  36) xfce4-xkb-plugin

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Post install tweeks

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