351 lines
No EOL
12 KiB
Markdown
351 lines
No EOL
12 KiB
Markdown
Installation
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/installation_guide
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offline installation : https://medium.com/@elohash/how-to-install-arch-linux-without-internet-no-pacman-9314836949de
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https://docs345.surge.sh/arch_installation/
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This video is used for the following steps: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPLnBPM4DhI
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https://files.catbox.moe/u3tkye.mp4
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- `iwctl`
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- https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=3czrHtFHteY
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`device list`
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`station wlan0 scan` then `station wlan0 get-networks`
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then connect to internet using
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`station <device_name> connect <ssid>`
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Eg: `station wlan0 connect Comcast-50`
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and `quit`. then ping it by to check if internet is working
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`ping x.org`.
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- Update time with `timedatectl`
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- Partitioning disk
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- Check partition using `fdisk -l` or `lsblk` or `cfdisk`
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- Then `fdisk <partition>`
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eg: `fdisk /dev/sda`
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- Type these commands in sequence:
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`p` to print information
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`o` to create new label
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`n` to add new partition. So many prompts will come just press enter to select default.
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- Press `t` and Choose lvm by typing `8E` then type `a` to make partition active.
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- Finalize change type `w` then enter
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- Then create physical volume using
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`pvcreate --dataalignment 1m /dev/sda1`
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- Now create volume group
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`vgcreate volgroup0 /dev/sda1` . Here `volgroup0` is a group name.
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- Now create 2 logical volumes ie lv_root and lv_home
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`lvcreate -L 30GB volgroup0 -n lv_root`
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and
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`lvcreate -l 100%FREE volgroup0 -n lv_home`
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- Load new volume group into memory
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`modprobe dm_mod`
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- Scan system for volume groups
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`vgscan` and activate it
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`vgchange -ay`
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- Formatting volumes
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- Now format these parttions. For root one , format it with ext4 and for swap one format with swap
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Ext4 formatting
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`mkfs.ext4 /dev/volgroup0/lv_root`
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Mounting
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`mount /dev/volgroup0/lv_root /mnt`
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Now format 2nd logical volume and mount it
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`mkfs.ext4 /dev/volgroup0/lv_home`
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Mounting
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`mkdir /mnt/home`
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`mount /dev/volgroup0/lv_home /mnt/home`
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If there r swap partitions then
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Format the Swap Partition (if created): If you created a swap partition, format it as swap:
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`mkswap /dev/sdX2` # Replace /dev/sdX2 with your swap partition
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`swapon /dev/sdX2` # Activate the swap partition
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`mkdir /mnt/etc`
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Saving partition layout by:
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`genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab`
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- For UEFI
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Difference here is that we need to create efi partition
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After typing `fdisk /dev/sda` type these commands:
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`p` and `g`(for new GPT) , `n` then
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- Partition number and First sector is default but for last sector we need to change it So type `+500M` as 500mb is enough for efi
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Now type `t` and and partition type is `1` which means efi
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- Now one more partition for rest
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So type `n` and just select defaults and set the type with `t` and set to lvm
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- Partition number would be 2 which is default
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- Type `30` for lvm
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- Finally verify it by `p` and type `w` to make changes
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For parttion 1 ie efi , it have to be formatted with fat32
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`mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1`
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Here `-F32` represents fat32
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Now instead of creating and volume and setting other steps for lvm use sda2 instead of sda1 .
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- For UEFI with encryption
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this should be. 1st to efi,2nd to linux filesystem and 3rd to linux lvm
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Do same for efi and set ext4 for partition 2 but before formatting 4rd we need to encrypt it
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- Setting encryption
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`cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda3`
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Now u need to type passphrase. This passphrase should be available else all data will remain encrypted and inaccessible. After typing passphrase it will get locked so type
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`cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sda3 lvm`
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Now just create volume , format and mount
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`pvcreate --dataalignment 1m /dev/mapper/lvm`
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- Installing components
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- Using pacstrap command
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`pacstrap -i /mnt base`
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There mey be a error related to keyring hell so to fix it use
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Pacman/Package_signing#Resetting_all_the_keys
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In `/etc/pacman.conf`
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```text
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SigLevel = Never
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#LocalFileSigLevel = Optional
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#RemoteFileSigLevel = Required
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```
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- Configure our installation
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`arch-chroot /mnt` Using in chroot environment. arch-chroot is like a fake-root which change to new directory so that u can make changes af if they r live but all those changes will take place in future.
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- Inside chroot, install 4 packages ie linux, linux-headers and linux-lts, linux-lts-headers. 2 versions bcz if one dont work then other may work. lts means here 'long term support' hence stable. Use
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`pacman -S linux linux-headers linux-lts linux-lts-headers linux-firmware`
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Then few more packages like nano, base-devel(basic development tools), openssh(remote access)
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To use openssh make sure to enable sshd
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`systemctl enable sshd`
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Install packages for network working
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`pacman -S networkmanager wpa_supplicant wireless_tools netctl`
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installing dialog if gui network interface not working
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`pacman -S dialog`
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Then finally enable NetworkManager so it will be started when booted
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`systemctl enable NetworkManager`
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Installing lvm support
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`pacman -S lvm2`
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To ensure boot process support our configuration, we have to modify a config file
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`nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf`
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now using Ctrl+W find the `HOOKS` which is not commented. Between block and filesystems word,
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add `lvm2` . if used encryption then add `encrypt lvm2`.
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- Resizing partition
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`lvdisplay` and `vgdisplay`
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Shrink LV
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If something goes wrong with length of partition then u need to resize it
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`umount /dev/VG_NAME/lv_home` # Unmount the LV (replace VG_NAME with your volume group)
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`e2fsck -f /dev/volgroup0/lv_home` # to check file system consistency and check for errors,bad block.
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`resize2fs /dev/VG_NAME/lv_home NEW_SIZE` # Shrink the filesystem
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`lvreduce -L NEW_SIZE /dev/VG_NAME/lv_home` # Shrink the logical volume
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Extend LV
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`lvextend -L +NEW_SIZE /dev/VG_NAME/lv_root` # Extend the logical volume
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or
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`lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/VG_NAME/lv_root`
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`e2fsck -f /dev/volgroup0/lv_root`
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`resize2fs /dev/VG_NAME/lv_root` # Resize the filesystem to use the new space
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- Initramfs
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To take all these setups and option take effect use this
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`mkinitcpio -p linux`
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`mkinitcpio -p linux-lts`(As this was also installed)
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Then set the locale by
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`nano /etc/locale.gen`
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Then choose en us and uncomment it
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`locale-gen`
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Updating password
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`passwd` then type password to set it
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Creating standard user
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`useradd -m -g users -G wheel hvm`
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`-m` means creating home directory for the user, `-g` represents initial login group, `-G` are other supplementary groups. `hvm` is user name.
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Then set password for this user
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`passwd hvm` and set password.
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After this we dont have to use root account always, instead we can use sudo
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Now we need to associate wheel group with sudo
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`EDITOR=nano visudo`
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`visudo` is a dedicated command to modify sudo priviledges
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Scroll down and search for `%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL` and uncomment it and save the file.
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Now user can use sudo to run administrative task.
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- Installing GRUB
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Its purpose is to boot the OS without bootable media like USB or CD.
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- For non-UEFI(BIOS)
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Install this:
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`pacman -S grub dosfstools os-prober mtools`
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and finally
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`grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda`
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- For UEFI install these
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`pacman -S grub efibootmgr dosfstools os-prober mtools`
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`mkdir /boot/EFI`
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`mount /dev/sda1 /boot/EFI`
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and finally
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`grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=grub_uefi --recheck`
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Check if grub exists by this:
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`ls -l /boot/grub`
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- Others
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`cp /usr/share/locale/en\@quot/LC_MESSAGES/grub.mo /boot/grub/locale/en.mo`
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- With encryption
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`nano /etc.default/grub` then uncomment `GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y`
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and edit the line
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#add this GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="cryptodevice=/dev/sda3:volgroup0:allow-discards loglevel=3 quiet"
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- Generate grub config file
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`grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg`
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Finally
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`exit` and `umount -a` (to unmount everything)
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Finally `reboot`
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### Post install tweeks
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- Creating swap file(not partition)
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`su`
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`cd /root`
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The dd command in Linux is a versatile utility used for copying and converting files, including data from files, devices, partitions, or even raw disk images. The command's name, "dd," stands for "data duplicator."
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`dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=1024 status=progress`
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Changing permissions of swapfile
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`chmod 600 /swapfile`
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Formatting it to swap
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`mkswap /swapfile`
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Backing up copy of fstab file as we going to edit it
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`cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak`
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Editing it
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`echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | tee -a /etc/fstab`
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It will add the line
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`free -m` to check is swap is there
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`mount -a`(if it runs means no error)
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To activate swap
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`swapon -a` and check it with `free -m`
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- Setting time zone
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Listing it
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`timedatectl list-timezones`
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Setting it
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`timedatectl set-timezone <from_list>`
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Enabling it
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`systemctl enable systemd-timesyncd`
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Setting host name
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`hostnamectl set-hostname archhost` here 'archhost' is host name
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Editing hosts file
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`nano /etc/hosts`
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and add
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```
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127.0.0.1 localhost
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127.0.1.1 archhost
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```
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and save it
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To check it
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`hostnamectl`
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This image will be the output
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**Installing micro code for CPU**(optional)
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AMD CPU
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`pacman -S amd-ucode`
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or
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Intel CPU
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`pacman -S intel-ucode`
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- **GUI**
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- Installing xorg
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`pacman -S xorg-server`
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- Installing video driver
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For Intel or AMD GPU
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`pacman -S mesa`
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For NVIDIA GPU
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`pacman -S nvidia-lts nvidia`
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For VBox
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`pacman -S virtualbox-guest-utils xf86-video-vmware`
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and enable vbox extension
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`systemctl enable vboxservice`
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For QEMU, this might improve performance
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`sudo pacman -S xf86-video-qxl
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`
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And configure it too
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`sudo mkdir -p /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d`
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`sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-qxl.conf
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`
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Type this
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```
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Section "Device"
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Identifier "qxl"
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Driver "qxl"
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Option "AccelMethod" "glamor"
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EndSection
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```
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and save it
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- Installing Desktop Environment
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- GNOME
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`pacman -S GNOME`
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it will store many dependencies as its a package group
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Some other optional
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`pacman -S gnome-tweaks` this will give more control over the environment
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Enable display manager
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`systemctl enable gdm`
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This will enable login screen
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Specify the language in Region and Language section else terminal wont open
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- Plasma
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`pacman -S plasma-meta kde-applications`
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Enable display manager
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`systemctl enable sddm`
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- Xfce
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`pacman -S xfce4 xfce4-goodies`
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Install display manager
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`pacman -S lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter`
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Enabling it
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`systemctl enable lightdm`
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- Packages in xfce
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: There are 15 members in group xfce4:
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:: Repository extra
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```
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1) exo 2) garcon 3) thunar 4) thunar-volman 5) tumbler
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6) xfce4-appfinder 7) xfce4-panel 8) xfce4-power-manager 9) xfce4-session
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10) xfce4-settings 11) xfce4-terminal 12) xfconf 13) xfdesktop 14) xfwm4
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15) xfwm4-themes
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Enter a selection (default=all):
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:: There are 36 members in group xfce4-goodies:
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:: Repository extra
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1) mousepad 2) parole 3) ristretto 4) thunar-archive-plugin
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5) thunar-media-tags-plugin 6) xfburn 7) xfce4-artwork
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8) xfce4-battery-plugin 9) xfce4-clipman-plugin 10) xfce4-cpufreq-plugin
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11) xfce4-cpugraph-plugin 12) xfce4-dict 13) xfce4-diskperf-plugin
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14) xfce4-eyes-plugin 15) xfce4-fsguard-plugin 16) xfce4-genmon-plugin
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17) xfce4-mailwatch-plugin 18) xfce4-mount-plugin 19) xfce4-mpc-plugin
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20) xfce4-netload-plugin 21) xfce4-notes-plugin 22) xfce4-notifyd
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23) xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin 24) xfce4-screensaver 25) xfce4-screenshooter
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26) xfce4-sensors-plugin 27) xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin
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28) xfce4-systemload-plugin 29) xfce4-taskmanager
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30) xfce4-time-out-plugin 31) xfce4-timer-plugin 32) xfce4-verve-plugin
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33) xfce4-wavelan-plugin 34) xfce4-weather-plugin
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35) xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin 36) xfce4-xkb-plugin
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```
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as
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